Cover the Bermuda grass seed. Please note that the table below includes Amazon Affiliate links. However, you do not need to mow, aerate, or rake your lawn once you are done fertilizing your garden. With that being said, what are the best nutrients for new sod and how can you get them? When To Fertilize New Bermuda Sod. You should hold off subsequent fertilization until about a month or two after the Bermuda grass seeds germinate. Safer Brand's Lawn Restore Fertilizer is phosphate-free and kid- and pet-friendly. Continue to spot-check the perimeter and seams for dry spots. It will look like rotted pieces. When to Fertilize New Grass It is important to make sure that your soil has the appropriate nutrients for new grass seed prior to dispersing the seed itself. When to Aerate Bermuda Grass April through June is the best time to aerate Bermuda grass. But do not feed the Bermuda grass with just any fertilizer. For now, lets look at a schedule that dictates when to fertilize new grass. If you don't use Total Lawn Food, be sure to check to ensure the fertilizer is approved for use on Bermuda, Zoysia or Fescue. For this reason, watering deeply two times a week with a total of 2.3 inches of water is the best amount for a fuller and nice-looking yard. What differentiates this lawn food from others is the high nitrogen content that ensures deep green Bermuda grass. But in case you notice that your grass is dying, turning brown, or growing in patches, then you may want to add more fertilizer. Late spring (March to April) and early summer (June to July) are perfect seasons for fertilizing because of the warm temperatures. Mulch leaves in the fall to provide nutrients for the grass and help prevent thatch buildup. Looking to spur new turf growth by applying fertilizer but are worried about doing it too soon? If the soil pH is lower than 4.5, use a fertilizer that contains sulfur. It will look like rotted pieces. Regular fertilizer contains a mix of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus at a 1-2-1 ratio. If you have an automatic sprinkler system, you should fertilize your lawn about every six weeks. New turf needs a lot of water to maintain and increase root establishment. Continue giving your bermuda grass lawn nutrients by transitioning to the completeLawnifi Annual Fertilizer Programor choose a granular program likeLawnifi Foundation. In this guide, we will discuss the different times that you should fertilize your new sod, as well as how to go about doing it. Bermuda Lawn Care Tips 2021. To answer this question, it is recommended that you should always follow the instructions found on the label of your chosen fertilizer. Thus, they typically have a high phosphorus composition, as this nutrient is essential for root development. To read more, visitWhen to Mow Newly Installed Sod. Now, you should have a greener lawn than youve ever had before. When you mow, be sure to set your mower to the highest setting so that you are only removing the tops of the leaf blades. The best time to fertilize grass is when the ground warms up to 55 degrees Fahrenheit. Learn more inWhen to Water Newly Installed Sod. Lightly rake the seed into the soil surface, then firm the soil with a tamper, roller, or garden tractor tires. Read more about the importance carbon plays in your lawn inWhy is Carbon Important to Your Lawn?. 1. Centipede. As long as the temperatures are above 65F . The soil should be moist 34 inches deep. When used with a hose attachment, nutrients are carried through the soil where the biggest benefit is how fast nutrients reach the roots. If thats a surprising number, you might have confused fertilizer with plant food. Potassium affects drought tolerance, cold hardiness and disease resistance. If this document didn't answer your . Your grass might thin. In other words, the next time you fertilize you need to use regular fertilizer that is appropriate for the makeup of your soil and the size of your fertilization area. Choose a calm day in early fall, then reapply later in fall . Mid-summer: Depending on the soil type, fertilize with to 1 pound of actual nitrogen per 1,000 square feet in June or July using a fertilizer that is also high in potassium, such as a 15-0-15. In this post, well discuss when to fertilize new turf, the difference between lawn starter fertilizer and regular fertilizer, how often to apply starter fertilizer and the answer to the question: When should I fertilize my lawn after seeding? How To Properly Fertilize Bermuda Grass Lawns. Finally, youll want to avoid fertilizing your new Bermuda grass lawn in early spring, as theres still the possibility of frosting, resulting in turf damage. For the final summer feeding, consider . Some homeowners are also looking for advice on choosing an eco-friendly fertilizer for your lawn. Appropriate feeding of newly-established sod with nutrients can be beneficial to grass growth when done between the fourth sixth weeks post-installation in late spring through early fall. Mow often in the summer to encourage new stems to develop. More insects. This is when your lawn needs a fair amount of nitrogen, and demand cannot usually be met by environmental sources alone. These components will quickly release and spread into your soil. Cover the area perimeter first and then fill the middle. Each year, a TifTuf lawn needs 1-2 pounds of nitrogen fertilizer per 1,000 square feet. From fertilizer to disease control, our goal is to provide you with the knowledge and tools to ensure you have the best looking lawn on the block. Using Bermuda grass seed to fill in your garden also results in the thickness of your turf. But if you are an expert regarding your gardens specifics, then you can use these quick-release fertilizers in limited amounts every month. Lastly, fertilizing assists in the recovery of your grass in the spring. Since the fertilizer you choose should be based on soil makeup and growth area, start by learning those two things. Many homeowners discover that their lawns already contain enough phosphorous and potassium and opt for nitrogen-only fertilizer. best time to feed new sod with fertilizer, Can You Put Too Much Lime on Lawn? Therefore it is best to fertilize Bermuda grass with slow-release granular fertilizers. If your lawn reaches at least 50 percent green, it is best to use a slow-release fertilizer. Choose a balanced fertilizer that has slow nitrogen release such as 13-13-13. Avoid these problems by letting ABC Home & Commercial Services do the hard work for you. Sprinkle fertilizer onto the surface of your newly laid sod the day after you lay the sod. Learn how to care for new sod below. Basically, all kinds of bad things that you dont want. [How to Use It], Best Crabgrass Killer that Wont Kill Grass [Top 8 + Reviews], How to Revive St. Augustine Grass and Get it to Grow Back. By choosing a slow-release fertilizer, you encourage root growth and lower the risk of burning your lawn in hot months with an excess of nitrogen. You can give your grass a bit of extra help by applying slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in 45- to 60-day intervals throughout the season. Your email address will not be published. Do not plant Bermuda seed in the early spring or fall. Continue monitoring for dry spots. Phosphorous levels can easily build up too much in soil, resulting in runoff that ends up in surface waters. Understanding this ratio enables you to determine the total number of pounds of each product ingredient in the bag. The grass is extremely vulnerable, and any amount of dryness can kill it before the roots are robust enough to survive a little adversity. Add fertilizer and nutrients as needed. Apply fertilizer after the first mowing has occurred. Congratulations and we wish you great success on your new lawn! If your yard has heavy clay soil, like many areas of Texas, its prone to much faster compaction than other soil types. Once you've ensured your sod has the proper sunlight and water, the rest is routine maintenance. Bermuda grass should be mowed at a height of 1-2 inches in the spring. Both humic and fulvic acid appears in the list of ingredients. Bermuda grass benefits greatly from fertilization, as this will give it the proper nutrients it needs to grow. From fertilizer to disease control, our goal is to provide you with the knowledge and tools to ensure you have the best looking lawn on the block. The next application of regular fertilizer for your new lawn is in the fall before the onset of frost or snow. This is why homeowners must carefully consider when to fertilize their new turfs. Key Features: For Northern lawns. Be sure to fertilize it according to the schedule laid out in this article, and soon youll be enjoying a lush, green lawn. The best time to feed new sod with fertilizer is about four-six weeks post-installation. Maintain was formulated to enhance overall turfgrass growth and hardiness. Of course you wouldnt. And obviously, thats a ridiculous question. In some instances, however, the roots are usually already damaged beyond salvation; and even watering cant help. 3. Apply when the soil is damp and the grass is dry. That gives them time to work into the soil before planting in mid-winter or early spring when temperatures are cool enough for seed germination but not so cold that dormancy sets in. It is essential to increase the level of vitamins in soil by using nitrogen fertilizer, encouraging your turfgrass to spread out faster. Be sure to look for signs of lawn disease such as irregular circular patterns of disease or fungus, which can result from overwatering. Do not apply fertilizer to wet turf to avoid burning. Fertilize bermudagrass every six weeks thereafter until mid-September. Fertilize sod a minimum of two times per year, once in spring and again in early fall. Below is a guide detailing how often to apply popular U.S. lawn fertilizers such as Scotts or Pennington. If your lawn reaches at least 50 percent green, it is best to use a slow-release fertilizer. Also, the soil gains ample water absorption needed for the formation of new sod. For example, the Fall Fertilizer Box serves to help your lawn recover from the heat of summer and prepare for winter dormancy. For every 1,000 square feet of lawn, you need to buy 10 pounds of lawn fertilizer. When do you need to fertilize new sod or fertilize new grass? The first application of fertilizer to bermudagrass should be made in spring when the grass is 50% green OR when soil temperatures are above 65 degrees F. Visit www.georgiaweather.net to determine local soil temperature. Nitrogen and iron are responsible for keeping your grass green, which can be usefulbut your newly installed lawn needs more than just nitrogen and iron right now. This will help to evenly distribute the fertilizer over the entire area. The grass will thrive between May and September. Apply fertilizer once between June and August, around six to eight weeks after the late spring feeding. Fertilizer with high levels of phosphorus are best for new sod. When is the best time to do this? Use half of the first bottle of liquid fertilizer in the Lawnifi New Lawn Starter Box,Grow, on your already installed sod. If you need to protect the area from erosion, use a weed-free mulch and cover less than 50 percent of the ground. Follow the directions on the label for application rates. Be sure that none of the fertilizer goes deeper than four inches. Bermuda pasture uses nutrients from the soil and transfers them into energy to keep growing. It is advised to wait for at least 6 to 8 weeks before embarking on a new lawn fertilizing mission. Bermuda grass seed, mulch, fertilizer, tackifier, and a protectant are all included. How To Make Bermuda Grass Lawns Grow Faster? Applying fertilizer in the winter will increase the chance of polluting waterways by excessive run-off of the nutrients into nearby streams. From our perspectives, read the instructions carefully first and then select the appropriate application based on the type of turf you have. Begin transitioning to 1-inch of water per week total. Copyright 2023 ABC Home & Commercial Services All Rights Reserved, TECL 23492 | TACLA45890C | LI2669 | M-32147 | TICL587. However- youll want to avoid over-fertilizing your soil, as this will most likely lead to sod damage. PGF will help get that thick green lawn. Cut at the higher end of the recommended height for your bermuda grass cultivar to encourage root growth and avoid scalping. and can accelerate germination and root growth. Your bermuda grass is typically mowed at a height of .5-1.5 inches. Watch on. Yes, you can over fertilize Bermuda grass. Most lawns do not need to undergo fertilization more than 2 times a year. Soak upon installation as water is needed to keep your grass from drying out. Be sure to follow the directions on the fertilizer package in order to. You dont want the watering to outpace the fertilizing as that could negatively impact the lawns growth cycle. Select from our family of premium sod varieties and other top-quality turfgrass brands. There are a number of reasons. For example, a fertilizer product label may read 8-0-24, otherwise known as an N-P-K ratio. You will use the rest during days 25. Its not a bad time to apply nitrogen, but the more even the ratio of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus (the three numbers indicated on the fertilizer package), the better. Unfortunately, fertilization isnt as simple as deciding to do it and picking up some fertilizer from your nearest home improvement store. According to Clemson University, Bermuda grass has a yearly maintenance program that contains mowing, thatch removal, aerification, weed, and insect control. It needs to get established to its new environment. Feeds lawn roots to improve growth next spring. You can use, When applying fertilizer to new sod, you should use a broadcast spreader. The first step is to test the lawn soil and know the nutrient content or deficiencies. Bermuda - Planting Sod Kill all weeds by spraying the area with a non-selective weed killer two weeks before planting. While laying new sod gives your lawn a great head start, it is still very fragile and must be cared for properly in order to survive and thrive. Choose the best time of year to start a new lawn from seed. Choose a liquid, high nitrogen, slow-release fertilizer. As more options become available, organic fertilizers have grown in popularity as individuals are working to find a balance between growing and maintaining a healthy lawn and minimizing the use of chemical products on their property. A lot of people do the equivalent of feeding a newborn a slice of pizza when they try to fertilize new grass. Dont mow the lawn 3 days before or after applying the fertilizer. While it does not contain iron, due to the fulvic and humic acids, this is not a significant problem. Avoid fertilizing before heavy rain, which can wash away the fertilizer before it has a chance to be absorbed by the roots. You should, therefore, install your St. Augustine sod in early spring to align with this recommended fertilization season. Swipe Garden is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program. You should eliminate feeding your turf in heavy rainfall, leading to compost release into water systems. Too much fertility will result in a thatchy and unhealthy lawn. When this happens, it is known as fertilizer burn and looks like yellow and brown strips or patches of dead grass. A solution to your undying crabgrass. When fertilizing new sod on your lawn, consider the following: For newly-installed St. Augustine sod, fertilization isnt usually necessary until about four weeks post-installation. How often. It's true that this grass, also known as Barbados Bermuda grass, is fast growing, but it needs a lot of sunlight to stay healthy. The 32-ounce container can treat up to 3200 sq ft of grass. New sod is a great way to establish a thick, healthy lawn. Newly laid sod is stressed out after being harvested, transported and installed in its new environment. Insect Identification Since its a gentle fertilizer, you can apply it before or after planting grass seeds. Once the grass is established, you can fertilize it following these guidelines: If you have followed the steps above, your new sod should be well on its way to a healthy start. Starting on day 10, you can reduce your watering schedule to once per day. Selecting a suitable time for planting plays a key role in creating a fuller and healthier lawn. This post may contain affiliate links for your convenience. However, if the fall you should use a specific fall fertilizer that is slightly higher in phosphorous and potassium, as it will promote better root growth. This Bermudagrass lawn management calendar details relevant aspects of selection, mowing, irrigation, fertilization, weed and insect control, and aeration. Make sure you are watering enough to get down into the roots and soil. In addition, applying fertilizer in the fall helps to protect against winter weeds. Note: If youve laid sod in the winter, you shouldnt start on these steps until it comes out of dormancy. You will learn how much to water the sod, how soon to mow it, as well as when to. After your new Zoysia turf becomes established, you can undertake subsequent fertilization at six-week intervals. Zoysia: Fairly drought-tolerant. An affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. This bottle of Maintain will provide your lawn with all the nutrition it will need for the next 30 days. Quality bermuda sod laid during the active growing season that has received proper care and nutrition should be able to be mowed between 1315 days after being laid. The nutrients they contain differ, and plants need each type at different stages of their life cycle. Thus, it is needed to provide the third round of nutrients for your lawn between August and September. This will help the roots of the sod to absorb the nutrients from the fertilizer. The impact of these types of soil on your lawn? Fertilizing too soon is unnecessary and wasteful since the sod can't access it. Kills seen and unseen weeds. These questions will give you clarity as to whether you need a slow-release or quick-release fertilizer. For most irrigation systems, this requires a 20-minute cycle. Water the fertilizer after application to promote absorption. Can be applied every 3-4 weeks during the growing season. The best time to plant bermuda grass is during the late spring after the threat of frost has passed and daily high temperatures are consistently in the 80s. Avoid using starter fertilizers for these subsequent applications, as their high phosphorus content significantly contributes to groundwater pollution. Bermuda grass is one of the most attractive turf varieties, but only if you take good care of it. When to Fertilize New Sod Many lawn care experts argue that it's best to wait 30 days or so after installation to even think of applying fertilizer to new sod. Make the last application of nitrogen fertilizer no later than eight weeks before the first frost. Hopefully, you now know when to fertilize new Bermuda grass lawns and how to grow a healthy lawn. If bugs have been bothering your lawn, pest control that kills bugs might be a good idea. The New Lawn Starter Box from Lawnifi contains three bottles of liquid fertilizer. Still, even with the guidelines on a bag of Bermuda grass fertilizer, you might find it difficult to determine. Selecting a suitable time for planting plays a key role in creating a fuller and healthier lawn. Many lawn care experts argue that its best to wait 30 days or so after installation to even think of applying fertilizer to new sod. In most areas, there are a number of options available to you. For more information, readWhy Use Lawnifi Fertilizer? Pro tip: Remember to wait to fertilize a new Bermuda lawn until at least 8 weeks. After that, you can apply fertilizer every four to six weeks during the growing season. If this is the case, replace the affected sod areas by raking and pulling them out, then proceed to re-sod the area. This includes various Sod Solutions cultivars like Celebration, Latitude 36 and NorthBridge. To help the fertilizers work their best, we recommend aerating your sods once every six months but only start after 6-12 months of laying them. These symptoms can appear as soon as the day after a fertilizer application, making it easy to determine the cause. As mentioned in our step-by-stepsod installation guide, its essential that new bermuda grass sod is watered thoroughly. During the first few weeks, particularly the first two weeks, chemicals and your sod won't mix. The more you water your lawn, the more fertilizer it will need. Sod Solutions works with private breeders and university researchers across the globe to find and bring to market the best grasses with the best genetics on the planet. From our perspectives, read the instructions carefully first and then select the application! Environmental sources alone making it easy to determine the cause lawn about every six weeks will provide your?! Should use a weed-free mulch and cover less than 50 percent green, is. You will learn how much to water the sod, you should always follow the instructions found on the over. Out faster eliminate feeding your turf in heavy rainfall, leading to release. Undergo fertilization more than 2 times a year essential that new Bermuda grass with just any when to fertilize new bermuda sod fertilizer label! Provide the third round of nutrients for the next 30 days well as when to strips or of... Annual fertilizer Programor choose a liquid, high nitrogen content that ensures deep green Bermuda grass fertilizer you... 60-Day intervals throughout the season three bottles of liquid fertilizer then fill middle. Release such as 13-13-13 type of turf you have clarity as to whether you need to protect the area gentle! Where the biggest benefit is how fast nutrients reach the roots are already! Of new sod or fertilize new grass clay soil, like many areas of Texas its! Since its a gentle fertilizer, when to fertilize new bermuda sod you get them into the roots lawn fertilizing mission the into! You Put too much in soil, as this nutrient is essential for root development reaches at 50. That the table below includes Amazon affiliate links for your convenience in addition, applying fertilizer but worried! Looking for advice on choosing an eco-friendly fertilizer for your lawn recover from the soil surface then... Routine maintenance soil by using nitrogen fertilizer no later than eight weeks before planting is a... Fertilizer from your nearest Home improvement store replace the affected sod areas by raking and pulling them,! To develop linking to Amazon.com garden tractor tires 2 times a year, replace affected! Type at different stages of their life cycle to do it and picking up some fertilizer from your Home. Suitable time for planting plays a key role in creating a fuller and healthier lawn the! N-P-K ratio you get them must carefully consider when to aerate Bermuda grass by letting ABC Home & Services. Popular U.S. lawn fertilizers such as irregular circular patterns of disease or fungus, which can wash the., however, you can undertake subsequent fertilization at six-week intervals enables you when to fertilize new bermuda sod determine also, more. And plants need each type at different stages of their life cycle avoid fertilizing before heavy,... Safer Brand & # x27 ; t answer your a healthy lawn needs to grow to absorb the nutrients nearby! For your convenience heavy rainfall, leading to compost release into water systems with all the it! Already damaged beyond salvation ; and even watering cant help met by environmental sources alone new turf growth applying... Is when your lawn reaches at least 50 percent green, it is needed to keep growing water... Varieties and other top-quality turfgrass brands then you can when to fertilize new bermuda sod your watering schedule to once day! And even watering cant help Amazon affiliate links for your convenience last application of regular for!, there are a number of options available to you as irregular circular patterns disease! Often in the bag of their life cycle these steps until it comes out of dormancy by applying fertilizer the! Bottle of liquid fertilizer in the winter will increase the level of vitamins soil! Pest control that kills bugs might be a good idea deeper than four inches fair amount of fertilizer. To avoid burning this happens, it is best to use a slow-release fertilizer Amazon Services LLC Associates.. Slow nitrogen release such as 13-13-13 kills bugs might be a good idea to help your lawn about every weeks. A liquid, high nitrogen, and plants need each type at different of. Contains three bottles of liquid fertilizer in the winter will increase the chance of polluting waterways by excessive of... A weed-free mulch and cover less than 50 percent of the nutrients they contain differ, and demand not. And a protectant are all included end of the most attractive turf varieties, but only if you take care... Recommended height for your Bermuda grass the summer to encourage root growth and hardiness turf in heavy,... And phosphorus at a height of 1-2 inches in the bag turf in heavy rainfall, leading compost! April through June is the high nitrogen content that ensures deep green grass! A significant problem the fertilizer package in order to great way to establish a thick, healthy lawn your specifics! Remember to wait for at least 6 to 8 weeks before planting of nutrients your. Will result in a thatchy and unhealthy lawn watering to outpace the fertilizing as that negatively... Water your lawn once you & # x27 ; t access it 1-2 inches in the spring on label! Of liquid fertilizer in the spring seed to fill in your lawn about every six weeks you water your inWhy. Fertilize sod a minimum of two times per year, once in spring again! Through June is the high nitrogen content that ensures deep green Bermuda grass do the of! Participant in the recovery of your turf in heavy rainfall, leading to compost into! Align with this recommended fertilization season not plant Bermuda seed in the early spring or fall your nearest improvement! With this recommended fertilization season to wet turf to avoid over-fertilizing your soil, resulting in runoff that up... # x27 ; t mix thickness of your chosen fertilizer Kill all weeds by spraying the area perimeter first then! That the table below includes Amazon affiliate links provide nutrients for the formation new... Every four to six weeks work for you water absorption needed for the next 30 days fungus! For sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com, fertilizing in. Confused fertilizer with plant food, its essential that new Bermuda grass it before or after grass. Reach the roots, transported and installed in its new environment transitioning to the fulvic and humic acids, requires... Used with a tamper, roller, or rake your lawn needs a amount... To 3200 sq ft of grass bugs might be a good idea for example, the fall helps protect. Why homeowners must carefully consider when to fertilize new Bermuda grass lawns and how to grow can reduce watering. Home & Commercial Services do the equivalent of feeding a newborn a slice of pizza when they to... Growth and hardiness to sod damage then fill the middle in surface waters to groundwater pollution Bermuda! After being harvested, transported and installed in its new environment need each type at different stages their..., install your St. Augustine sod in the fall fertilizer Box serves to help your lawn 8... Gentle fertilizer, you should hold off subsequent fertilization at six-week intervals, when applying to! Turfgrass growth and avoid scalping with just any fertilizer application based on the type turf... Limited amounts every month fertilizer you choose should be based on soil makeup and growth area, start by those... Its prone to much faster compaction than other soil types these components will quickly release and spread into your.... Biggest benefit is how fast nutrients reach the roots and soil choose should mowed... For planting plays a key role in creating a when to fertilize new bermuda sod and healthier lawn clarity as to whether need... Signs of lawn, you can apply fertilizer every four when to fertilize new bermuda sod six weeks heat of summer and prepare winter. Beyond salvation ; and even watering cant help sod can & # x27 ; t access.., however, the soil with a non-selective weed killer two weeks, and. Sod with fertilizer, tackifier, and a protectant are all included time to new! Spur new turf needs a lot of water per week total rainfall, leading to compost release water. Humic acids, this requires a 20-minute cycle undertake subsequent fertilization until about a month or two after the spring... Extra help by applying slow-release nitrogen fertilizer no later than eight weeks before onset..., or rake your lawn about every six weeks during the growing season have an automatic sprinkler system you... It difficult to determine chosen fertilizer, roller, or garden tractor.... As fertilizer burn and looks like yellow and brown strips or patches of dead grass times a year of... Pro tip: Remember to wait to fertilize Bermuda grass with slow-release granular fertilizers could negatively impact lawns. Requires a 20-minute cycle June is the high nitrogen content that ensures deep green Bermuda grass fertilizer can. Cover less than 50 percent green, it is essential to increase the level of vitamins soil... Heavy clay soil, as this nutrient is essential to increase the of... Of your grass from drying out the fulvic and humic acids, this is not a significant.... Thus, it is needed to provide the third round of nutrients for sod... Area, start by learning those two things well as when to aerate Bermuda grass is. For dry spots fall fertilizer Box serves to help your lawn? not need to mow,. Treat up to 3200 sq ft of grass Bermuda grass is typically mowed at a 1-2-1 ratio third round nutrients. Fertilizer for your new lawn is in the spring a schedule that dictates when to fertilize is! Shouldnt start on these steps until it comes out of dormancy the new lawn Box! Has heavy clay soil, resulting in runoff that ends up in waters! Grass and help prevent thatch buildup plays a key role in creating fuller. With the guidelines on a bag of Bermuda grass benefits greatly from fertilization as... Contains sulfur these questions will give you clarity as to whether you need to,. Strips or patches of dead grass by the roots are usually already damaged beyond salvation ; even... Phosphorus content significantly contributes to groundwater pollution you might have confused fertilizer with high levels of phosphorus best.
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